@article{oai:tamagawa.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001269,
 author = {Tanaka, Motoko},
 issue = {14},
 journal = {玉川大学リベラルアーツ学部研究紀要},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {The importing of western notions of religion brought created the binary opposition of true religion versus false religion in Meiji Japan; true religion is based on monotheism, doctrine, and sacredness, whereas false religion implies multiplicity, practice, and secularity. The Japanese term sh?ky? was constructed in the early Meiji under the idea of true religion, and that word thus excluded Japanese religious orientations which have been profoundly related to multiple participations.
　 After the World War II, Japanese religiosity revives to show tolerance, diversity and multiplicity. The first binary between monotheistic exclusivity and polythemic multiplicity becomes invalid when the new constitution guaranteed unconditional religious freedom. The second binary opposition between doctrine and practice becomes irrelevant to describe contemporary Japanese religiosity after the Imperial ideology lost their validity. From the early history of Japanese religion, practice has preceded doctrine, but these two are not mutually exclusive. To categorize religions according to the binary between true religion and false religion disregards the fact that doctrine and practice, the sacred and the secular are interrelated, and the fact that the religious harmony of multiple affiliations does not create conflicts in Japanese religiosity.},
 pages = {25--35},
 title = {Trajectory of Religiosity in Modern and Contemporary Japan},
 year = {2021}
}